Monday, April 28, 2014

L1, L2, Electric Boogaloo: ELLs' Primary Language Literacy Probably Helps and Certainly Can't Hurt English Language and Literacy Acquisition



In an article from Reading Research Quarterly Theresa A. Roberts examines the results of a study involving preschool students who were English language learners.  In the study, students were randomly assigned to one of two groups, either a group composed of students whose parents read English-language storybooks at home with them prior to class readings, or a group composed of students whose parents read those same storybooks at home with students in their first language.  At the end of six weeks, students then switched: the students who had read the English storybooks at home now began to read storybooks at home in their primary language, and the students who had been reading storybooks at home in their primary language began reading storybooks at home in English.

The findings are very interesting indeed.  Although Roberts notes that the study would need replication before drawing any firm conclusions, students who read with parents at home in their primary language did significantly better on targeted English vocabulary acquisition after reading those same books in class in English than those students who read the book at home in English and again in class in English. 

After the switch, the students now reading at home in their primary language fared no better than the students who now read at home in English.  Interestingly though, both groups' rate of target vocabulary acquisition actually increased.

As the author is quick to point out, the tentativeness of these findings should not be taken to strongly suggest the implementation of any particular ELL literacy model.  There are a number of variables that should be considered in future studies.  For example, how might students who didn't make the switch at week six have fared against students who did?  Is the increased rate of vocabulary acquisition a result of the switch itself or just a consequence of the multiplier effect of acquired knowledge facilitate the acquisition of new knowledge?

At any rate, one thing is clear from the study: students who read at home in their primary language at home do at least as well as those that read at home in English, so that the use of one language clearly does not detract from the learning of another.  It seems to me though that results of the primary-language-at-home readers' rapid acquisition in the first six weeks suggests a definite possibility that a brief literacy unit involving primary-language materials at home at the start of the school year would, at the very least, do no harm, and quite likely do a great deal of good to scaffold ELLs' language acquisition and overall participation at this critical time of the year.  At the very least, cooperative development of materials and training of parents in at-home storybook reading techniques could go a long way in building community among ELLs and their families that will continue to be valuable throughout the school year and beyond.  The sort of parental involvement implicit in Roberts's method is likely to have ancillary benefits far down the line. 

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